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linux-2.6.14移植到S3C2440

作者： 時間：2016-11-22 來源：網(wǎng)絡 收藏
現(xiàn)在應該很少使用2.6.14的內(nèi)核了，但由于項目需要，最近移植了2.6.版本的內(nèi)核到S3C2440上，并移植了CS8900網(wǎng)卡驅動(網(wǎng)卡驅動移植參考http://blog.csdn.net/ce123/article/details/8424399)。之所以移植網(wǎng)卡驅動，是因為yaffs2格式的文件系統(tǒng)一直掛載不成功，啟動后的錯誤信息如下：
Mounted devfs on /dev
Freeing init memory: 92K
Failed to execute /linuxrc. Attempting defaults...
Kernel panic - not syncing: No init found. Try passing init= option to kernel.
這個問題只能先放一下，最后成功掛載nfs。yaffs2格式文件系統(tǒng)的問題以后再深入研究。整理一下最近做過的東西，怕遺忘了。

1.頂層Makefile的修改

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  1. ARCH?=arm
  2. CROSS_COMPILE?=arm-linux-
交叉編譯器的使用請參考http://blog.csdn.net/ce123/article/details/8333421

2.修改時鐘頻率

linux/arch/arm/mach-s3c2410/mach-smdk2440.c
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  1. staticvoid__initsmdk2440_map_io(void)
  2. {
  3. s3c24xx_init_io(smdk2440_iodesc,ARRAY_SIZE(smdk2440_iodesc));
  4. s3c24xx_init_clocks(12000000);//12M
  5. s3c24xx_init_uarts(smdk2440_uartcfgs,ARRAY_SIZE(smdk2440_uartcfgs));
  6. s3c24xx_set_board(&smdk2440_board);
  7. }

3.修改機器ID

linux/arch/arm/tools/mach-types
s3c2440 ARCH_S3C2440 S3C2440 168
這個值要和uboot中的值對應起來，在uboot的arch/arm/tools/mach-types中有如下定義：
#define MACH_TYPE_S3C2440 168
這兩個值一樣即可。

4.設置Nand Flash分區(qū)

4.1建立Nand Flash分區(qū)表

在linux/arch/arm/mach-s3c2410/devs.c中增加
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  1. #include
  2. #include
  3. #include
  5. /*NANDparititon*/
  7. staticstructmtd_partitionsmdk_default_nand_part[]={
  8. [0]={
  9. .name="Board_uboot",
  10. .offset=0x00000000,
  11. .size=0x00080000,
  12. },
  13. [1]={
  14. .name="Board_kernel",
  15. .offset=0x00240000,
  16. .size=0x00200000,
  17. },
  18. [2]={
  19. .name="Board_yaffs2",
  20. .offset=0x00440000,
  21. .size=0x0FB40000,
  22. }
  23. };
name：代表分區(qū)名字
size：代表flash分區(qū)大小(單位：字節(jié))
offset：代表flash分區(qū)的起始地址(相對于0x0的偏移)
劃分3個區(qū)，分別存放uboot， kernel和文件系統(tǒng)。

4.2.加入Nand Flash分區(qū)

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  1. staticstructs3c2410_nand_setsmdk_nand_sets[]={
  2. [0]={
  3. .name="NAND",
  4. .nr_chips=1,
  5. .nr_partitions=ARRAY_SIZE(smdk_default_nand_part),
  6. .partitions=smdk_default_nand_part,
  7. },
  8. };
nr_partitions： 指明partition_info中定義的分區(qū)數(shù)目
partitions：分區(qū)信息表

4.3.建立Nand Flash芯片支持

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  1. staticstructs3c2410_platform_nandsmdk_nand_info={
  2. .tacls=20,
  3. .twrph0=60,
  4. .twrph1=20,
  5. .nr_sets=ARRAY_SIZE(smdk_nand_sets),
  6. .sets=smdk_nand_sets,
  7. };
tacls，twrph0，twrph1的意思見S3C2440的數(shù)據(jù)手冊，這3個值最后會被設置到NFCONF中。
sets：支持的分區(qū)集
nr_set：分區(qū)集的個數(shù)

4.4.加入Nand Flash芯片支持到Nand Flash驅動

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  1. structplatform_devices3c_device_nand={
  2. .name="s3c2410-nand",
  3. .id=-1,
  4. .num_resources=ARRAY_SIZE(s3c_nand_resource),
  5. .resource=s3c_nand_resource,
  6. .dev={
  7. .platform_data=&smdk_nand_info
  8. }
  9. };
name：設備名稱
id：有效設備編號，如果只有唯一的一個設備為-1，有多個設備從0開始計數(shù).
num_resource：有幾個寄存器區(qū)
resource：寄存器區(qū)數(shù)組首地址
dev：支持的Nand Flash設備

4.5指定啟動時初始化

linux/arch/arm/mach-s3c2410/mach-smdk2440.c
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  1. staticstructplatform_device*smdk2440_devices[]__initdata={
  2. &s3c_device_usb,
  3. &s3c_device_lcd,
  4. &s3c_device_wdt,
  5. &s3c_device_i2c,
  6. &s3c_device_iis,
  7. &s3c_device_nand,//增加
  8. };

5.禁止Flash ECC校驗

修改drivers/mtd/nand/s3c2410.c 文件s3c2410_nand_init_chip()函數(shù)，在該函數(shù)體最后加上一條語句:
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  1. chip->eccmode=NAND_ECC_NONE;

6.支持devfs

在2.6.14中已經(jīng)不支持devfs了，內(nèi)核配置文件中已經(jīng)沒有了相關的配置選擇，但其代碼還保留了。修改fs/Kconfig文件找到menu "Pseudo filesystems"添加如下語句：
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  1. configDEVFS_FS
  2. bool"/devfilesystemsupport(OBSOLETE)"
  3. dependsonEXPERIMENTAL
  4. help
  5. Thisissupportfordevfs,avirtualfilesystem(like/proc)which
  6. providesthefilesysteminterfacetodevicedrivers,normallyfound
  7. in/dev.Devfsdoesnotdependonmajorandminornumber
  8. allocations.Devicedriversregisterentriesin/devwhichthen
  9. appearautomatically,whichmeansthatthesystemadministratordoes
  10. nothavetocreatecharacterandblockspecialdevicefilesinthe
  11. /devdirectoryusingthemknodcommand(orMAKEDEVscript)anymore.
  13. Thisisworkinprogress.Ifyouwanttousethis,you*must*read
  14. thematerialin,especially
  15. thefileREADMEthere.
  17. Notethatdevfsnolongermanages/dev/pts!IfyouareusingUNIX98
  18. ptys,youwillalsoneedtomountthe/dev/ptsfilesystem(devpts).
  20. Notethatdevfshasbeenobsoletedbyudev,
  21. .
  22. Ithasbeenstrippeddowntoabareminimumandisonlyprovidedfor
  23. legacyinstallationsthatuseitsnamingschemewhichis
  24. unfortunatelydifferentfromthenamesnormalLinuxinstallations
  25. use.
  27. Ifunsure,sayN.
  29. configDEVFS_MOUNT
  30. bool"Automaticallymountatboot"
  31. dependsonDEVFS_FS
  32. help
  33. ThisoptionappearsifyouhaveCONFIG_DEVFS_FSenabled.Setting
  34. thistoYwillmakethekernelautomaticallymountdevfsonto/dev
  35. whenthesystemisbooted,beforetheinitthreadisstarted.
  36. Youcanoverridethiswiththe"devfs=nomount"bootoption.
  38. Ifunsure,sayN.
  40. configDEVFS_DEBUG
  41. bool"Debugdevfs"
  42. dependsonDEVFS_FS
  43. help
  44. IfyousayYhere,thenthe/devfilesystemcodewillgenerate
  45. debuggingmessages.Seethefile
  46. formore
  47. details.
  49. Ifunsure,sayN.
  51. configDEVPTS_FS_XATTR
  52. bool"/dev/ptsExtendedAttributes"
  53. dependsonUNIX98_PTYS
  54. help
  55. Extendedattributesarename:valuepairsassociatedwithinodesby
  56. thekernelorbyusers(seetheattr(5)manualpage,orvisit
  57. fordetails).
  59. Ifunsure,sayN.
  61. configDEVPTS_FS_SECURITY
  62. bool"/dev/ptsSecurityLabels"
  63. dependsonDEVPTS_FS_XATTR
  64. help
  65. Securitylabelssupportalternativeaccesscontrolmodels
  66. implementedbysecuritymoduleslikeSELinux.Thisoption
  67. enablesanextendedattributehandlerforfilesecurity
  68. labelsinthe/dev/ptsfilesystem.
  70. Ifyouarenotusingasecuritymodulethatrequiresusing
  71. extendedattributesforfilesecuritylabels,sayN.
  73. configTMPFS
  74. bool"Virtualmemoryfilesystemsupport(formershmfs)"
  75. help
  76. Tmpfsisafilesystemwhichkeepsallfilesinvirtualmemory.
  78. Everythingintmpfsistemporaryinthesensethatnofileswillbe
  79. createdonyourharddrive.Thefilesliveinmemoryandswap
  80. space.Ifyouunmountatmpfsinstance,everythingstoredthereinis
  81. lost.
  83. Seefordetails.

7.內(nèi)核裁剪

7.1內(nèi)核配置文件

將arch/arm/configs/s3c2410_defconfig .config拷到內(nèi)核目錄樹根下：
cp arch/arm/configs/s3c2410_defconfig .config
make menuconfig 將s3c2410_defconfig 導入，在s3c2410_defconfig基礎上，裁剪內(nèi)核。

7.2內(nèi)核選項

Loadable module support >
[*] Enable loadable module support
[*] Automatic kernel module loading

System Type >
[*] S3C2410 DMA support

Floating point emulation >
[*] NWFPE math emulation

接下來要做的是對內(nèi)核MTD子系統(tǒng)的設置

Device Drivers >
Memory Technology Devices (MTD) >
[*] MTD partitioning support /*支持MTD分區(qū)，這樣我們在前面設置的分區(qū)才有意義*/
[*] Command line partition table parsing /*支持從命令行設置flash分區(qū)信息，靈活*/
RAM/ROM/Flash chip drivers >
<*> Detect flash chips by Common Flash Interface (CFI) probe
<*> Detect nonCFI AMD/JEDECcompatible flash chips
<*> Support for Intel/Sharp flash chips
<*> Support for AMD/Fujitsu flash chips
<*> Support for ROM chips in bus mapping
NAND Flash Device Drivers >
<*> NAND Device Support
<*> NAND Flash support for S3C2410/S3C2440 SoC
Character devices >
[*] Nonstandard serial port support
[*] S3C2410 RTC Driver

接下來做的是針對文件系統(tǒng)的設置

File systems >
<> Second extended fs support #去除對ext2的支持
Pseudo filesystems >
[*] /proc file system support
[*] Virtual memory file system support (former shm fs)
[*] /dev file system support (OBSOLETE)
[*] Automatically mount at boot (NEW)
這里會看到我們前先修改fs/Kconfig的成果，devfs已經(jīng)被支持上了
Miscellaneous filesystems >
Network File Systems >
<*> NFS file system support

7.3編譯

make即可。

8.總結

以前將linux-2.6.30.4移植S3C2440(http://blog.csdn.net/ce123/article/details/6581248)，基本過程很相似。照著這個過程一般都能移植好一個內(nèi)核，但明白這個過程背后的東西才是王道。

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